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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most frequently prescribed medications for ADHD, and appear to increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals. However, they cannot cure the condition and will only help manage symptoms as long as they are used regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medication can include an increase in blood pressure and heart rate as well as upset stomach as well as anxiety and tics. Children and teens who take stimulant drugs notice a slight reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nerve stimulant is the most well-known drug used to treat ADHD. It comes in a variety of forms, such as chewable tablets with liquid as well as an oral disintegrating tablet that acts long, and a pill with extended release. The drug increases the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, helping to improve focus. It can also lessen the symptoms of anxiety and depression. adhd treatment without medication is an effective treatment for ADHD when combined with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters that remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug could cause an increase in heart rate or blood pressure. Patients with diabetes should be aware of this medication since it can cause rapid increases in blood sugar. Speak to your doctor when you have any of these symptoms. Methylphenidate is also known to cause Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness in the feet and fingers. This is a rare, but serious side result. It is important to notify your doctor in the event that these symptoms are observed. Some people are concerned that methylphenidate could slow the growth of children. However this hasn't been proved. If your child is taking methylphenidate, be sure to be attentive to their weight and height. If your child takes tablets containing methylphenidate, the phenylalanine in it could pose a risk to children suffering from phenylketonuria. If you suffer from PKU consult your physician about other forms of methylphenidate. Stimulants are often considered to be the first choice treatment for ADHD, but some individuals have issues with them. In these instances, doctors might prescribe another medication that performs in a similar manner. In addition to methylphenidate, there are other stimulants such as dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine. These substances can last longer and are stronger than methylphenidate. They are typically taken two to three times per day however some people may take them more often. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however they are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also known by the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that increases concentration and decreases hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It belongs to a category called selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by increasing levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical messengers which control brain's activity. It is a preferred choice for both adults and children who prefer a different kind of medication than stimulants, like Adderall and Vyvanse. It is important to remember that atomoxetine is not effective immediately, and it may take up to 6 weeks for the effects of the medication to become apparent. There is also the possibility of experiencing adverse effects like drowsiness and nausea. For most patients, the benefits of taking atomoxetine outweigh any risks. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study that was conducted on 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18 years old, the effectiveness of atomoxetine was confirmed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either atomoxetine at a daily dose 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for a period of 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine as well as placebo groups, symptoms of depression were reduced. The treatment group with atomoxetine showed better improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was only modest (Michelson et al 2001). In a different open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improvement in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo, with scores on Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Version of the screening and Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales gaining significant. One patient withdrew due to an outbreak of skin rash. Three patients also reported transient gastrointestinal symptoms, and one noticed an increase in fatigue. Before you begin treatment with atomoxetine with your physician about your medical history as well as any other supplements or medications that you're taking. This includes herbal remedies and prescription medications. Tell your doctor if any of the following conditions occur: narrow-angle glaucoma; a thyroid or adrenal gland tumour; high blood pressure; heart disease or sudden death. You should stay clear of the use of atomoxetine when you've been taking an MAO-inhibitor like isocarboxazid or linezolid within the last 14 days or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion, a nonstimulant can help improve ADHD symptoms. It also helps to reduce impulsivity and improve concentration, but it does not affect the brain in the same way that stimulants do. Only prescriptions are approved. Your doctor will determine the most effective dosage for you. Bupropion is available as tablets and capsules. It is important to follow the instructions. You might experience withdrawal symptoms if you stop suddenly. The typical dosage is two or three doses daily separated by 4-6 hours. The dose can range between 100 mg twice or three times per day to 150 mg three or four times a day. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract and eliminated into urine, meaning it can't enter breast milk. It can, however, get into the bloodstream and cause damage to other organs. Bupropion raises blood pressure. It's important to monitor it regularly. Bupropion, in addition to improving ADHD symptoms, can also reduce depression. It can also be used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors that are located in your brain. This prevents the neurotransmitter dopamine from reaching your brain, which can help stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other medications. Tell your doctor if taking any other medication. It's essential to let your doctor know if you have any allergies. Also, stay clear of caffeine and other stimulants, as they can make the side effects more severe. Several studies have compared bupropion with placebos in adults suffering from ADHD. These studies yielded mixed results, and many were poorly designed. Many of these studies did not include people with psychiatric disorders co-morbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion may have a small effect on ADHD. More research is needed to determine positive outcomes for patients, including an improvement in the quality of life. Additionally, a more precise understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is required before effective treatment can be developed. This includes a better knowledge of the connection between molecular pathways. Moreover, it's critical to know how various anti-ADHD agents work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants may be prescribed by doctors when stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD do not work or cause adverse side adverse effects. These drugs, like imipramine and Nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor), increase the neurotransmitters dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain, which aids in helping people to focus. These are old drugs which can cause serious adverse effects, so they're usually only used after other medications have failed. The first choice of antidepressant for depression is typically a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants continue to be used in certain cases despite their long history. These medications are effective in treating neuropathic and other pains, but their antidepressant effect is not the same. They increase the potency of noradrenephrine by reducing its reuptake and also act as descending modulators of pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs have a lower risk of toxicity and less serious adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also safer during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic for humans or animals. However, they may cause severe withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly. To lessen the negative adverse effects, your physician may suggest reducing your dose gradually over a period of several weeks. Bupropion, a common antidepressant that is prescribed off-label for treating ADHD however, it is not FDA approved as a drug for adhd. It is believed to work by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and acetylcholine that are found in the brain to increase concentration. It is also known to alleviate anxiety and stress. It can be used in conjunction with stimulants to produce more rapid and lasting results. While there aren't any FDA-approved nonstimulant drugs for ADHD, many people do feel relief through the use of supplements to their diets and herbs. A diet low in fat and sugar may aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Certain people can also benefit by avoiding caffeine. Tell your doctor all medications that you or your child take such as herbal remedies and prescription medications. This will help minimize unwanted side effects and prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, so it's sometimes an exercise of trial and error to discover the right drug and dosage for your child or yourself.